As of October 2025, global affairs highlight breakthroughs in sustainable energy, advancements in AI technology, geopolitical shifts, major climate agreements, and economic reforms. Notable events include climate summits, space exploration milestones, peace treaties, and innovations in healthcare, shaping a transformative year focused on sustainability, diplomacy, and technological progress worldwide.
current affairs october 2025 full
| Appointed |
| 1. Sonali Mishra has been appointed as the Director General of the Railway Protection Force (RPF). She is the first woman to be appointed to this position. |
| 2. Khalid Jameel has been appointed as the head coach of the national football team of the country in August 2025. |
| 3. Dr. Abhijat Sheth has been appointed as the new chairman of the National Medical Commission. |
| 4. Aseem Kumar Ghosh has been appointed as the new Governor of Haryana in July 2025. |
| 5. Pusapati Ashok Gajapati Raju, a leader of the TDP, has been appointed as the new Governor of Goa in July 2025. |
| 6. Kavindra Kumar Gupta has been appointed as the Lieutenant Governor (LG) of the Union Territory of Ladakh. |
| 7. Justice Sanjeev Sachdeva has been made the Chief Justice of the Madhya Pradesh High Court. |
| 8. Justice Vidhyut Manubhai Pancholi has been made the Chief Justice of the Patna High Court. |
| 9. Justice Vibhu Bakru has now been made the Chief Justice of the Karnataka High Court. |
| 10. Justice Tarlok Singh Chauhan has been made the Chief Justice of the Jharkhand High Court. |
| 11. Justice Ashutosh Kumar has been made the Chief Justice of the Guwahati High Court. |
| 12. Justice Manindra Mohan Srivastava has been made the Chief Justice of the Madras High Court. |
| 13. Justice Apreesh Kumar Singh has been made the Chief Justice of the Telangana High Court. |
| 14. Justice Ramchandra Rao has been made the Chief Justice of the Tripura High Court. |
| 15. Justice K. R. Shriram has been made the Chief Justice of the Rajasthan High Court. |
| 16. Lt. General Pushpendra Singh has been appointed as the new Vice-Chief of Army Staff from July 31, 2025. |
| 17. Vice Admiral Sanjay Vatsayan has been appointed as the new Vice-Chief of the Naval Staff from August 1, 2025. |
| 18. In the meeting of the All India Kho-Kho Federation (KKFI) held in New Delhi in July 2025, Sudhanshu Mittal has been re-elected as the president of the federation. |
| 19. Sanjog Gupta from the media world has been appointed as the new Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the International Cricket Council (ICC) in July 2025. |
| 20. Senior space scientist Dr. A. Raja-Rajan has been appointed as the director of the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) in Thiruvananthapuram from August 1, 2025. |
| 21. Swachh Survekshan 2024-25 awards: The cleanest city in the country among cities with a population of over 1 million is Indore. |
| 22. In the feature film category awards, the film “12th Fail” directed by Vidhu Vinod Chopra has been awarded the Best Feature Film of the year 2023, while renowned actor Shah Rukh Khan has been jointly selected as Best Actor for the film “Jawan” and Vikrant Massey for the film “12th Fail.” Rani Mukerji has been awarded Best Actress for “Mrs. Chatterjee vs Norway.” All three have won the National Film Award for the first time. |
| Feature Film Category Awards |
| 1. Best Feature Film – 12th Fail (Hindi), Director – Vidhu Vinod Chopra |
| 2. Best Debut Film by a Director – Aatmapaflet (Marathi), Director – Ashish Bende |
| 3. Best Popular Film Providing Complete Entertainment – Rocky Aur Rani Ki Prem Kahani (Hindi), Director – Karan Johar |
| 4. Best Film in Animation, Visual Effects, Gaming and Comics (AVGC) – Hanu-Man (Telugu), Director – Prasanth Varma |
| 5. Best Direction – Sudipto Sen (The Kerala Story, Hindi) |
| 6. Best Actor – Shah Rukh Khan (Film – Jawan, Hindi) and Vikrant Massey (12th Fail) jointly |
| 7. Best Actress – Rani Mukerji (Mrs. Chatterjee Vs Norway) |
| 8. Best Supporting Actor – Vijayaraghavan (Pokkalam, Malayalam) and Somu Bhaskar (Parking, Tamil) |
| 9. Best Supporting Actress – Urvashi (Ullozhukk, Malayalam) and Janki Bodhiwala (Vash, Gujarati) |
| 10. Best Child Artist – Sukriti Beni Bandareddy (Film – Gandhi Tatha Chettu, Telugu), Kabir Khandare (Gipsy, Marathi) and Trisha Thosar, Srinivas Pokale, and Jagatap Bhargav (Naal-2, Marathi) |
| 11. Best Choreography – Film – Rocky Aur Rani Ki Prem Kahani (Hindi) |
| 12. Best Playback Singer (Male) – PVN S Rohit (Film – Baby, Telugu) |
| 13. Best Playback Singer (Female) – Shilpa Rao (Film – Jawan, Chaliya Hindi) |
| 14. Best Editing – Pokkalam, Malayalam, Editor – Mithun Murali |
| 15. Best Production Design – Film – 2018 – Everyone is a Hero (Malayalam) |
| 16. Best Costume Design – Film – Sam Bahadur (Hindi) |
| 17. Best Makeup Artist – Film – Sam Bahadur (Hindi) |
| 18. Best Music Director – Song – G. V. Prakash Kumar (Film – Vaathi, Tamil); Background Music – Harshvardhan Rameshwar (Film – Animal, Hindi) |
| 19. Best Lyricist – Film – Balagam (Uru Palleturu), Telugu, Lyricist – Kasarla Shyam |
| Best Feature Films in Languages |
| 1. Best Odia Film – Pushkara, Director – Shubhranshu Das |
| 2. Best Telugu Film – Bhagavanth Kesari, Director – Anil Ravipudi |
| 3. Best Tamil Film – Parking, Director – Ramkumar Balakrishnan |
| 4. Best Malayalam Film – Ullozhukk, Director – Christo Tommy |
| 5. Best Marathi Film – Shyamchi Aai, Director – Sujay Sunil Dahake |
| 6. Best Kannada Film – Kandilu – Asha Ki Kiran, Director – K. Yashoda Prakash |
| 7. Best Hindi Film – Kathal: A Jackfruit Mystery, Director – Yashovardhan Mishra |
| 8. Best Bengali Film – Deep Fridge, Director – Arjun Dutta |
| 9. Best Assamese Film – Rongatapu-1982, Director – Adittyam Saikia |
| 10. Best Punjabi Film – Godde Godde Cha, Director – Vijay Kumar Aurora |
| 11. Awards in the Non-Feature Film Category |
| 12. Best Non-Feature Film – Flowering Man (Hindi), Director – Soumyajit Ghosh |
| 13. Best Directorial Debut – Mau: The Spirit Dreams of Cheraw (Mizo), Director – Shilpika Bordoloi |
| 14. Best Documentary – God Vulture and Human (English, Hindi, and Telugu), Director – Rishiraj Agarwal |
| 15. Awards for Best Writing on Cinema |
| 16. Best Film Critic – Utpal Dutt (Assamese) |
| 17. The United Nations Population Award for the year 2025 was presented to female social worker Deshpande from Satara (Maharashtra) for her lifelong contribution to promoting gender equality and preventing gender-based abortions on July 11, 2025, on the occasion of World Population Day in New York. |
| 18. The Madhya Pradesh Government’s Lata Mangeshkar National Award 2025 will be given to renowned singer Sonu Nigam, while the award for the year 2024 will be given to the music trio Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy. This was announced by the Culture Department of the Madhya Pradesh Government on August 9, 2025. |
| 19. The Madhya Pradesh Government’s National Kishore Kumar Award will be awarded to lyricist Prasoon Joshi for the year 2024, while the award for 2025 will be given to filmmaker Sanjay Leela Bhansali. |
| Obituary |
| Shibu Soren, a prominent leader of the Jharkhand movement and founder of the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha, former Chief Minister of Jharkhand and former Union Minister, passed away on August 4, 2025, in a hospital in Delhi. He was 81 years old and had served as the Chief Minister of Jharkhand three times. He was a member of the Lok Sabha eight times and the Rajya Sabha twice. |
| Padma Shri awardee Telugu actor Kota Srinivasa Rao passed away on July 13, 2025, in Hyderabad at the age of 83. Over his four-decade film career, he acted in more than 750 Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, and Hindi films. |
| Former Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari passed away in London on July 13, 2025, at the age of 82. |
| Renowned actress B. Sarojadevi passed away in Bengaluru on July 14, 2025. |
| The world’s oldest marathon runner, Fauja Singh, died in a road accident in Jalandhar on July 14, 2025, at the age of 114. |
| Satypal Malik, who served as the Governor of Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Goa, and Meghalaya from 2017 to 2022, and also held the additional charge of Governor of Odisha for some time, passed away on August 5, 2025. |
| National & International Day |
| International Nelson Mandela Day – July 18 |
| Bank Nationalization Day – July 19 |
| Anniversary of the first human steps on the moon – July 20 |
| Kargil Vijay Diwas – July 26 |
| World Hepatitis Day – July 28 |
| International Tiger Day – July 29 |
| International Friendship Day – July 30 |
| Friendship Day is celebrated on the first Sunday of August in many countries, including India. In India, Friendship Day was celebrated on August 3 this year. |
| International Day Against Human Trafficking (declared by the United Nations) – July 30 |
| World Breastfeeding Week – August 1-7 |
| Anniversary of the liberation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli – August 2 |
| Friendship Day (India – first Sunday of August) – August 3 |
| Hiroshima Day – August 6 |
| National Handloom Day – August 7 |
| August Revolution Day – August 8 |
| Nagasaki Day – August 9 |
| World Indigenous Peoples Day – August 9 |
| World Sanskrit Day – August 9 (In India, World Sanskrit Day is celebrated every year on the day of Raksha Bandhan, which falls on the full moon day of Shravan.) |
| World Lion Day – August 10 |
| World Biofuel Day – August 10 |
| World Elephant Day – August 12 |
| International Youth Day – August 12 |
| Partition Horrors Remembrance Day – August 14 |
| Independence Day (India) – August 15 |
| Books & Writer |
| Human Edge in the AI Age – Nitin Seth |
| How to Stop Overthinking Forever – Ritvik Singh |
| Our Living Constitution: A Concise Introduction – Shashi Tharoor |
| No Minister: Navigating Power, Politics and Bureaucracy with A Steely Resolve – Subhash Chandra Garg |
| Accident |
| A China-made training aircraft of the Bangladesh Air Force crashed on July 21, 2025, in the Uttara area of northern Dhaka, falling into a school campus. |
| A Russian Antonov AN-24 passenger aircraft crashed on July 24, killing all 48 people on board, including crew members, before landing at Tynda Airport near the Chinese border in the Amur region of the Far East. |
| On July 30, 2025, a devastating earthquake with a magnitude of 8.8 struck the remote Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia’s Far East. The epicenter of the earthquake was located about 135 km off the eastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula in the sea. |
| The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) maintained the repo rate at 5.5 percent in its third bi-monthly review of the monetary policy for the financial year 2025-26, held from August 4 to 6, 2025. |
| The Asian Development Bank has revised its growth forecast for India in 2025-26 from 6.7 percent to 6.5 percent. |
| India’s top 9 companies and their global ranks in the 2025 Fortune 500 list: |
| 1. Reliance Industries Ltd. (RIL) – Rank 88 |
| 2. Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) – Rank 95 |
| 3. Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) – Rank 127 |
| 4. State Bank of India (SBI) – Rank 163 |
| 5. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) – Rank 181 |
| 6. HDFC Bank – Rank 258 |
| 7. Tata Motors – Rank 283 |
| 8. Bharat Petroleum Corporation (BPCL) – Rank 285 |
| 9. ICICI Bank – Rank 464 |
| On August 7, 2025, President Donald Trump announced a 25 percent tariff on all tangible imports from India as part of the bilateral trade between India and the United States. Additionally, he later announced a 25 percent penalty on the purchase of military equipment and crude oil from Russia. |
| Under the Prime Minister’s Kisan Samman Nidhi scheme announced in December 2018, the central government provides annual assistance of ₹6,000 to all eligible farmers in three installments of ₹2,000 each. |
| In the last financial year 2024-25, defense production in the country reached a record level of ₹1,50,590 crore, which is 18 percent higher than the ₹1.27 lakh crore production achieved in the previous year 2023-24, as reported by the Ministry of Defense in a release on August 9, 2025. |
| On August 15, 2025, during the country’s 79th Independence Day (the 78th anniversary of independence), Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi addressed the nation from the ramparts of the Red Fort. This was the 12th consecutive occasion he hoisted the flag and addressed the nation on Independence Day. This year’s address lasted 103 minutes, making it the longest and most comprehensive address among the last 11 such addresses. |
| Jagdeep Dhankhar, who served as Vice President since August 2022, unexpectedly resigned from his position on the evening of July 21, 2025. After actively serving as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha on the first day of the Parliament’s monsoon session (July 21), he submitted his resignation, citing poor health and medical advice as the reasons. The 74-year-old Jagdeep Dhankhar’s term as Vice President was set to last until August 2027. |
| NDA candidate C.P. Radhakrishnan has been elected as the next Vice President of the country, receiving a total of 452 votes in the elections for the Vice President’s position. |
| The period of President’s Rule in Manipur has been extended by 6 months from February 13, 2025, during which Manipur has been under President’s Rule. |
| Four members have been nominated to the Rajya Sabha – Harshvardhan Shringla, Meenakshi Jain, Ujjwal Nikam, Sadanand Master. |
| The NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) satellite, jointly developed by NASA and ISRO, was launched into a sun-synchronous polar orbit from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota via the GSLV-S 16 rocket on July 30. The GSLV successfully placed it into a sun-synchronous polar orbit at an altitude of 745 km after a journey of approximately 19 minutes. |
| To improve the employability of youth in Bihar and provide new opportunities for their career advancement, the Mukhyamantri Pratigya Yojana was approved in a meeting of the state cabinet chaired by Chief Minister Nitish Kumar on July 1, 2025. |
| The Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) successfully conducted two tests of the indigenously developed Pralay missile on July 28 and 29, 2025. |
| The 16th and final Airbus C-295 military transport aircraft being purchased from Spain for the Indian Air Force was received by India on August 2, 2025. |
| International |
| Not considering America’s participation in UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation) as in the national interest, U.S. President Donald Trump has once again announced the withdrawal from the United Nations agency’s membership, effective July 2025. This decision to withdraw from UNESCO will take effect on December 31, 2026. |
| Due to recent improvements in the mutual relations between India and China, India has now started issuing visas for Chinese tourists from July 24, 2025. |
| Global Passport Ranking 2025 (According to Henley Passport Index) Most Powerful |
| 1. Singapore – Rank 193 |
| 2. Japan and South Korea – Rank 190 |
| 3. Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Spain – Rank 189 |
| 4. Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, and Sweden – Rank 188 |
| 5. Greece, New Zealand, and Switzerland – Rank 187 |
| 6. United Kingdom – Rank 186 |
| 7. Australia, Czechia, Hungary, Malta, and Poland – Rank 185 |
| 8. Canada, Estonia, and UAE – Rank 184 |
| 9. Croatia, Latvia, Slovakia, and Slovenia – Rank 183 |
| 10. Iceland, Lithuania, and the United States – Rank 182 |
| NOTE: (India – Rank: 77) |
| India and Pakistan exchanged lists of each other’s citizens, prisoners, and fishermen in custody on July 1, 2025. Under an agreement concluded on May 31, 2018, such exchanges of lists are conducted twice a year through diplomatic channels on January 1 and July 1. |
| The terrorist organization The Resistance Front (TRF), involved in the April 2025 terrorist attack in Pahalgam, India, has been designated by the U.S. as a front organization of Lashkar-e-Taiba and declared a ‘Foreign Terrorist Organisation’ and a Specially Designated Global Terrorist (SDGT) last July. |
| Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi undertook an official visit to the United Kingdom and Maldives from July 23-26, 2025. The main objective of his two-day official visit to the UK was to finalize the long-awaited free trade agreement between India and the UK, while the primary aim of his visit to the Maldives on July 25-26 was to strengthen bilateral relations and participate in the celebrations marking the 60th anniversary of the country’s independence. |
| Philippine President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. made a state visit to India with his spouse from August 4-8, 2025. |
| Sports |
| Iga Swiatek from Poland won the women’s singles title at the Wimbledon Tennis Championship in London by defeating Amanda Anisimova from the USA 6-0, 6-0 in the final. |
| The Indian women’s team won the T-20 series against England 3-2. |
| The men’s singles title at Wimbledon, played on grass courts, was won by the world’s number one player Jannik Sinner from Italy, who defeated Carlos Alcaraz from Spain 4-6, 6-4, 6-4, 6-4 in the final. |
| Wimbledon Championship (2025) (June 30 – July 13, 2025, Wimbledon, London) |
| Winners’ names |
| Men’s Singles Winner – Jannik Sinner (Italy) |
| Women’s Singles Winner – Iga Swiatek (Poland) |
| Men’s Doubles Winners – Julian Cash & Lloyd Glasspool (both from the UK) |
| Women’s Doubles Winners – Veronika Kudermetova (Russia) & Elise Mertens (Belgium) |
| Mixed Doubles Winners – Sem Verbeek (Netherlands) & Kateřina Siniaková (Czech Republic) |
| The final of the 21st edition of the FIFA Club World Cup was played between England’s Chelsea Club and European champions Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) in East Rutherford (USA). Chelsea won the match 3-0, achieving success in winning the Club World Cup for the second time. |
| In a highly contested third Test match played at Lord’s in the India-England Test series, the Indian team was defeated by 22 runs, giving England a 2-1 lead in the five-match series. |
| FIFA Rankings in July 2025: Top 10 Nations (Men’s Teams) |
| Argentina Rank 1 |
| Spain Rank 2 |
| France Rank 3 |
| England Rank 4 |
| Brazil Rank 5 |
| Portugal Rank 6 |
| Netherlands Rank 7 |
| Belgium Rank 8 |
| Germany Rank 9 |
| Croatia Rank 10 |
| Note: India Rank 133 |
| Scott Boland from Australia achieved the 49th hat-trick in Test cricket; prior to this, the 48th hat-trick in Test cricket was made by Noman Ali from Pakistan on January 25, 2025, against the West Indies in Multan. |
| The fourth major tournament of golf in 2025, the Open Championship, was held in Northern Ireland from July 17-20, 2025, and was won by Scottie Scheffler from the USA. |
| The 96th MCC-Murugappa Gold Cup Hockey Tournament, organized under Hockey India, was held in Chennai from July 10-20, 2025, and was won by the Railway Sports Promotion Board, defeating the Navy team 3-1 in the final. |
| Led by Harmanpreet Kaur, India’s women’s cricket team won the third ODI match against the host team in Chester-le-Street by 13 runs, winning the three-match series 2-1. |
| On the tour of England, the Indian cricket team managed to draw the fourth Test match at Emirates Old Trafford, Manchester, after being on the verge of defeat in the second innings, thanks to centuries from Ravindra Jadeja and Washington Sundar. |
| The final match of the Women’s European Football Championship (UEFA: Women’s Euro) 2025 was played between the teams of England and Spain in Basel, Switzerland. Defending champions England successfully won the title for the second time by defeating world champions Spain in a penalty shootout 3-1. |
| 19-year-old young chess player Divya Deshmukh from Nagpur made history by winning the Women’s FIDE World Cup 2025 title on July 28, 2025. |
| On the tour of the West Indies, the Australian cricket team also recorded a victory in the fifth T-20 match played in St. Vincent, winning the five-match T-20 series 5-0. |
| The title of the Copa America women’s football tournament in Quito (Ecuador) was won by the Brazilian women’s team, defeating Colombia 5-4 in a penalty shootout in the final. |
| On the tour of England, the Indian cricket team emerged victorious by 6 runs in the final highly contested and thrilling match of the series at The Oval in London. |
| In the women’s Canada Open (National Bank Open) tennis tournament held in Montreal (Canada), 18-year-old Victoria Mboko from Canada won the women’s singles title by defeating four-time Grand Slam champion Naomi Osaka from Japan in the final. |
| Science |
| 1. On July 28, 2025, Reliance Jio unveiled JioPC, India’s first AI-ready, cloud-based virtual desktop platform. |
| 2. Recently, astronomers observed for the first time the formation of solid rock from vapor around a newborn star, HOPS-315, using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). |
| 3. The ICMR’s Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, in collaboration with the National Malaria Research Institute and the Department of Biotechnology – National Institute of Immunology, is developing a multi-stage malaria vaccine named AdFalciVax. |
| 4. The country’s first indigenously manufactured 1-megawatt green hydrogen power plant has been commissioned in the Kandla region of Gujarat. This plant is capable of producing approximately 140 metric tons of green hydrogen annually. |
| 5. A new rare blood group has been discovered globally, named ‘CRIB’. Here, ‘CR’ stands for Cromer and ‘IB’ stands for India, Bengaluru. It is associated with the Cromer (CR) blood group system. |
| 6. Recently, the first phase of the Darwin Tree of Life (DTOL) project has been completed. The aim of this project is to sequence the genomes of approximately 70,000 eukaryotic species found in Britain and Ireland. |
| 7. The recently developed BioEmu (Biomolecular Emulator) is an advanced deep learning system capable of accurately predicting protein structures and their dynamic states. |
| 8. Recently, ‘India NCX 2025’ was inaugurated, which is a major national cybersecurity exercise. It has been organized by the National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS) in collaboration with the National Defence University (RRU). Its aim is to strengthen India’s cybersecurity capabilities and enhance preparedness to deal with cyber attacks. |
| 9. Researchers at IIT Guwahati have developed an eco-friendly bamboo composite for the automobile industry using biodegradable polymer with Bambusa tulda. Bambusa tulda is a clumping, evergreen or deciduous bamboo species. |
| 10. Google’s Android earthquake warning system has successfully detected over 18,000 earthquakes using accelerometer signals embedded in smartphones. |
| 11. Achieving a significant milestone towards India’s nuclear self-reliance, TEM India Limited has launched the first private testing facility for the upgrading of depleted heavy water. |
| 12. Following concerns about contamination in the drug ranitidine, CDSCO has directed testing for NDM levels. NDMA amine (N-nitrosodimethylamine) is a yellow, odorless liquid found at normal temperatures. |
| 13. A major initiative by the Ministry of Culture, the ‘Scheme for Promotion of Culture of Science (SPOCS)’ aims to promote scientific thinking and awareness in the country, especially among students and the general public. Under this scheme, science cities, science centers, innovation hubs, and digital planetariums are established. |
| 14. India has recently publicly launched the Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL). |
| 15. In 2023, India identified 1.6 million zero-dose children, while in 2024, this number decreased to 900,000, marking a remarkable reduction of 43%. |
| 16. Indian researchers at the Bose Institute have developed a genetically modified pineapple that is resistant to the fungal disease fusariosis. |
| 17. Chinese researchers have recently developed the world’s lightest brain-controlled device, capable of directing the activities of bees. It weighs only 74 milligrams, which is lighter than the nectar carried by a bee. |
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